booblu 发表于 2007-11-28 17:20:23

jasss系列:V 10, I 4, N.1:"Groups of Agents with a Leader" P11

为了促进学术交流,SimulWay将推出“基于Agent仿真前沿学术论文翻译系列”,同时方便大家获取仿真币途径。Groups of Agents with a Leader
Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation vol. 10, no. 4 原文网址:http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/10/4/1.html
part11 共209字,请翻译。

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3.5 The beneficial effect of the presence of a leader is greater for large than for small groups. For groups of 50 agents with a leader the last agent reaches the target more than four times faster than in groups without a leader (cf. Table 1); in groups of 10 agents the leader improves performance by a factor of three. In Table 1 we saw that small groups without a leader have an advantage over larger groups. But the results in Table 2 show that the presence of a leader almost cancels out this advantage. What is crucial is that the presence of a leader allows the group to explore the environment in a more aggregate way. We observe that other rules favoring aggregate exploration might have the same effect. For instance, if each individual tends to remain close to other individuals (cf. the 'swarm' behavior of flocks of birds, schools of fish, and communities of social insects; cf.Bonabeau, Dorigo, and Theraulaz 1999; Krause and Ruxton 2002), this would be equally advantageous. In the next section we examine what happens when the leader has better sensory capabilities than followers. We will see that, in this case, the presence of a leader produces benefits that cannot be obtained in leaderless groups.

zhaodoodoo 发表于 2007-11-28 17:20:24

Groups of Agents with a Leader part11

一个领导者的出现,给规模大的群体带来的利益要高于其给规模小的群体的(利益)。前文提到的规模为50的群体中,一个领导者的出现使得该群体中最后一个实现目标的主体所用时间缩短为原来的1/4(见表1);而规模为10的群体中,该时间缩短为原来的1/3。从表1中我们发现,在没有领导者的前提下,规模小的群体(在实现目标的效率上)优于规模大的群体。然而表2中的结果显示,一个领导者的出现几乎完全抵消了这种优势。问题的关键在于,一个领导者的出现使得群体以更聚合的方式来探索环境。我们观察到其他有助于聚合探2索的规则也许(对群体)具有相同的影响。例如,如果每个个体都倾向于和其他个体接近时(鸟群,鱼群,群居性昆虫群落的“一窝蜂”行为;Bonabeau, Dorigo, and Theraulaz 1999; Krause and Ruxton 2002),它们中的每个都会获得相等的利益。在下一章,我们将测试在领导者的认知能力强于其跟随者的情形下,将会发生何种有趣的变化。在这一节中,我们发现了一个领导者的出现确实带来了无领导群体所不具备的利益。

zhaodoodoo 发表于 2007-12-3 11:21:17

一个领导者的出现,给规模大的群体带来的利益要高于其给规模小的群体的(利益)。前文提到的规模为50的群体中,一个领导者的出现使得该群体中最后一个实现目标的主体所用时间缩短为原来的1/4(见表1);而规模为10的群体中,该时间缩短为原来的1/3。从表1中我们发现,在没有领导者的前提下,规模小的群体(在实现目标的效率上)优于规模大的群体。然而表2中的结果显示,一个领导者的出现几乎完全抵消了这种优势。问题的关键在于,一个领导者的出现使得群体以更聚合的方式来探索环境。我们观察到其他有助于聚合探2索的规则也许(对群体)具有相同的影响。例如,如果每个个体都倾向于和其他个体接近时(鸟群,鱼群,群居性昆虫群落的“一窝蜂”行为;Bonabeau, Dorigo, and Theraulaz 1999; Krause and Ruxton 2002),它们中的每个都会获得相等的利益。在下一章,我们将测试在领导者的认知能力强于其跟随者的情形下,将会发生何种有趣的变化。在这一节中,我们发现了一个领导者的出现确实带来了无领导群体所不具备的利益。
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